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Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This antibody recognizes a protein of 54 kDa, which is identified as cyclin A. Its epitope is located amino acids 144-148 of human Cyclin A2. Cyclins are regulatory subunits of the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk's) and they control transition at different specific phases of the cell cycle. The temporal expression of cyclins is tightly regulated and subsequently plays a critical role in controlling the enzymatic activity of cdk's. These cyclin/cdk complexes are essential for passage through specific stages in the cell cycle. In mammalian somatic cells, cyclin A is required for S-phase and passage through G2-phase. The D and E type cyclins regulate the passage of G1, while cyclin B is a critical regulator of mitosis. Mutation or disruption of normal cyclin A expression causes cells to arrest in G2-phase.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This antibody recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74 (Workshop IV). CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: Recognizes a single glycoprotein of 520 kDa, identified as mucin 2 (MUC2). This MAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC3. Its epitope has been defined as GTQTP (GlyThrGlnThrPro). Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins, which constitute the major component of the mucus layer that protects the gastric epithelium. MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon; in about 65% of colonic carcinomas and about 40% of gastric carcinomas. MUC2 is rarely expressed outside of the GI tract with the exceptions of mucinous carcinoma of breast and clear cell-type carcinomas of the ovary.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: Recognizes a protein of 70 kDa, which is identified as CD86 (HLDA V; WS Code BP BP072. HLDA V; WS Code A A109. HLDA VI; WS Code BP 95. HLDA VI; WS Code B CD86.9). CD86 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors. It is expressed at high levels on resting peripheral monocytes and dendritic cells and at very low density on resting B and T lymphocytes. CD86 expression is rapidly upregulated by B cell specific stimuli with peak expression at 18 to 42 hours after stimulation. CD86, along with CD80/B71, is an important accessory molecule in T cell co-stimulation via its interaction with CD28 and CD152/CTLA4. Since CD86 has rapid kinetics of induction, it is believed to be the major CD28 ligand expressed early in the immune response. It is also found on malignant Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells in Hodgkin's disease.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This MAb recognizes human 17-26 kDa protein, which is identified as cytokine TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha). TNF-alpha can be expressed as a 17 kDa free molecule, or as a 26 kDa membrane protein. TNF-alpha is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: The c-Myc protein is a transcription factor, which is encoded by the c-Myc gene on human chromosome 8q24. c-Myc is commonly activated in a variety of tumor cells and plays an important role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. The phosphorylation of c-Myc has been investigated and previous studies have suggested a functional association between phosphorylation at Thr58/Ser62 by glycogen synthase kinase 3, cyclin dependent kinase, ERK2 and C-Jun N terminal Kinase (JNK) in cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Studies also have shown that c-Myc is essential for tumor cell development in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis that distribute blood throughout the cells, and which brought extensive attention in the development of new therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: Recognizes a neuraminidase-sensitive sialoprotein (CDw75), present on cell membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center B-cells and derived lymphomas. This MAb reacts with RBC precursors of bone marrow, ductal and ciliated epithelial cells of kidney, breast, prostate, pancreas, lung, and with glioblastomas, astrocytomas, and Reed Sternberg cells in lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease. It is shown to be a helpful antibody for ascribing a B-cell phenotype in known lymphoid tissues.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This MAb is specific to Complement 4d (C4d) and it reacts with the secreted as well as cell-bound C4d.C4d is a degradation product of the activated complement factor C4b. Complement 4b is typically activated by binding of Abs to specific target molecules. Following activation and degradation of the C4 molecule, thio-ester groups are exposed, which allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product Complement 4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute humoral (i.e. antibody-mediated) rejection of kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. As an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection and its proclivity for endothelium, this component can be detected in peritubular capillaries in chronic renal allograft rejection as well as hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection, and borderline rejection. It has been shown to be a significant predictor of transplant kidney graft survival. Anti-C4d, combined with anti-C3d, can be utilized as a tool for diagnosis of allograft rejection that may warrant a prompt and aggressive anti-rejection treatment.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: In Western blotting, this antibody reacts with two bands of ~MW of 210 kDa and 300 kDa, identified as two isoforms of Tenascin C. Specificity of this MAb is validated by sequential immunoprecipitation with a PAb against Tenascin C. Tenascin C is a multifunctional, disulfide-linkedhexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in association with mesenchymal epithelial interactions during development and in the neo-vasculature and stroma of undifferentiated tumors. In adults, it is restricted to certain epithelial-stromal interfaces and increases markedly in hyper-proliferative diseases and in stroma of many neoplasms, including gliomas, breast, squamous and lung carcinomas.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This MAb reacts with a CD32 (FcgRII) epitope distinct from that defined by MAb 8.26 and the epitope overlaps with that of MAb 7.30 (cluster 4). It displays a stronger reaction with Daudi than with U937 cells. The epitope is located in domain 2 of FcgRIIa. Its Fab'2 fragments block immune complex binding. CD32 (FcgRII) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates several functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulation as well as platelet aggregation. Three genes (A, B, and C) encode CD32 and at least 6 isoforms are generated via alternative mRNA splicing, i.e., IIa1, IIa2, IIb1, IIb2, IIb3 and IIc. Monocytes/macrophages, placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells express all isoforms. In addition, the IIb isoform is expressed by B cells, and the IIa isoform by platelets, granulocytes and, weakly, by B cells. NK cells and neutrophils express Isoform IIc. CD32 binds weakly to the Fc region of monomeric IgG but more strongly to IgG aggregates and immune complexes.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This MAb is specific to Complement 4d (C4d) and it reacts with the secreted as well as cell-bound C4d.C4d is a degradation product of the activated complement factor C4b. Complement 4b is typically activated by binding of Abs to specific target molecules. Following activation and degradation of the C4 molecule, thio-ester groups are exposed, which allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product Complement 4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute humoral (i.e. antibody-mediated) rejection of kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. As an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection and its proclivity for endothelium, this component can be detected in peritubular capillaries in chronic renal allograft rejection as well as hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection, and borderline rejection. It has been shown to be a significant predictor of transplant kidney graft survival. Anti-C4d, combined with anti-C3d, can be utilized as a tool for diagnosis of allograft rejection that may warrant a prompt and aggressive anti-rejection treatment.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: CD309, also known as VEGFR2, KDR3, and Flk-1 (mouse), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein. It is a member of the CSF-1/PDGF receptor family of type III tyrosine kinase receptors. Human VEGFR2 is mainly expressed by endothelial cells, embryonic tissues, and megakaryocytes. It plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and vascular permeability. The ligands of VEGFR2 include VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF splice isoforms. Ligation of VEGFR2 with its ligands results in the receptor dimerization and auto-phosphorylation, stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: Recognizes a protein of 12 kDa, identified as microglobulin. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules bind to antigens for presentation on the surface of cells. The proteasome is responsible for producing these antigens from the components of foreign pathogens. MHC class 1 molecules consist of an α heavy chain that contains three subdomains (α1, α2, α3) and a non-covalent associating light chain, known as β-2-Microglobulin. β-2-Microglobulin associates with the α3 subdomain of the α heavy chain and forms an immunoglobulin domain-like structure that mediates proper folding and expression of MHC class 1 molecules. The α1 and α2 domains of the α heavy chain form the peptide antigen-binding cleft. Mutations in the β-2-Microglobulin gene can enhance the progression of malignant melanoma phenotypes.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: Recognizes a protein of 27 kDa, identified as the Bcl-X protein. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-2 or Bax protein. Bcl-X has two isoforms, Bcl-XL (long), a 241 amino acid protein which suppresses cell death. And Bcl-XS (short), a 178 amino acid protein lacking a 63 amino acid domain which functions as a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2. This MAb reacts with both Bcl-XS and Bcl-XL proteins.

Proveedor: Biotium
Descripción: This antibody reacts with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in single stranded DNA (produced by partial denaturation of double stranded DNA), BrdU coupled to a protein carrier, as well as free BrdU. BrdU is a thymidine analog, incorporated into cell nuclei during DNA synthesis prior to mitosis. Antibody to BrdU is helpful in detecting S-phase cells, providing useful information on the aggressiveness of tumors.

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El stock para este material es limitada pero puede estar disponible en un almacén cerca de usted. Por favor, asegúrese de que ha iniciado sesión en la web para que el stock disponible se puede mostrar. Si el call sigue apareciendo y usted necesita ayuda, por favor llámenos al 902 222 897 o por email en webshop.es@avantorsciences.com.
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Si procede, nos pondremos en contacto con usted para solicitarle la licencia o declaración de uso necesaria para poder proceder al suministro del producto.
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